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Should you cook with olive oil, or with no added oil at all?

What the experts say

Joel H. FuhrmanMD · board-certified family physician, nutrient-density author

No added oil. Sauté in water, broth or tomato sauce instead.

What it rests onHe argues oil is the most calorie-dense food with almost no micronutrients, so it displaces calories that could have carried nutrients, and that browning and flavour can be achieved by heating the pan, adding a tablespoon or two of water, letting it dry down and repeating. The reasoning is a direct consequence of his nutrients-per-calorie equation rather than a claim about oil being toxic.

Source: drfuhrman.com ↗
Valter LongoPhD · biogerontologist, Professor of Gerontology, USC

Generous amounts of olive oil, about three tablespoons a day.

What it rests onHis daily longevity diet says to 'Eat whole grains and high quantities of vegetables (tomatoes, broccoli, carrots, legumes, etc.) with generous amounts of olive oil (3 tablespoons per day) and nuts (1 ounce per day)', set inside an instruction to minimise saturated fats from animal and vegetable sources and maximise good fats and complex carbohydrates. The basis is the Mediterranean and centenarian-population evidence running through his five pillars.

Source: valterlongo.com ↗

Overview

The two men are answering different questions inside the same sentence. Longo is making a substitution argument, plant fat instead of animal fat, addressed to someone whose current cooking fat is butter or lard. Fuhrman is making a displacement argument, oil calories crowding out nutrient-dense calories, addressed to someone already eating a vegetable-heavy diet and trying to raise its nutrient density further. Both can be right about their own reader.

Three tablespoons is also roughly 360 calories, which matters differently to someone eating to lose weight than to someone maintaining, and neither source flags that.

Where they agree

Both are plant-forward, both argue from the same centenarian and Mediterranean literature, both want saturated animal fat reduced, and both treat whole nuts and seeds as a good source of fat. Neither disputes that vegetables should dominate the plate.

What would settle it

A trial comparing a whole-food plant diet with added olive oil against the same diet without it, matched on total calories, with cardiovascular and body-composition endpoints. Every large Mediterranean trial tested olive oil against a lower-fat control that was not a nutrient-dense plant diet, so the specific comparison both men are arguing about has not been run.

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